Isixhobo sokucocwa kwamanzi sesona sixhobo singundoqo sobuchwephesha bokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lobulunga bamanzi nokuphumeza ukurisayikilishwa kobutyebi bamanzi. Uyilo lwayo lwesakhiwo luchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo unyango olusebenzayo kunye nokuzinza. Ukususela kumbono osebenzayo, inkqubo yokucoca amanzi eqhelekileyo iquka izinto ezintathu eziphambili: iyunithi yonyango lwangaphambili, iyunithi yonyango engundoqo, kunye neenkqubo ezincedisayo.
Iyunithi yonyango lwangaphambili ngumqobo wokuqala kwisixhobo kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo ibandakanya amacandelo afana nezikrini, izikrini, iitanki ze-sedimentation, okanye izihlungi. Umsebenzi wayo kukuthintela ukungcola okukhulu, izinto eziqinileyo ezimisiweyo, kunye nenye into ephilayo, ukunciphisa umthwalo kwiinkqubo zonyango ezilandelayo. Umzekelo, isikrini somatshini sisusa ngokuzenzekelayo izinto ezinkulu zangaphandle ezifana namasebe kunye neplastiki kumanzi amdaka, ngelixa i-multi{2}}isixhobo sokucoca imidiya sisebenzisa imidiya yokucoca njengesanti yequartz kunye nekhabhoni esebenzayo ukufunxa amasuntswana amahle kunye nevumba, ukubonelela ngamanzi angenayo acocekileyo kwiinkqubo ezilandelayo.
Iyunithi yonyango engundoqo ngundoqo osebenzayo wesixhobo. Ngokuxhomekeke kubulunga bamanzi ekujoliswe kuko, inokusebenzisa itekhnoloji efana nokwahlulwa kwenwebu, ukubola kwebhayoloji, utshintshiselwano lwe-ion, okanye i-oxidation ephezulu. Ngokomzekelo, iimodyuli ze-membrane ye-osmosis ebuyela umva zisebenzisa uxinzelelo lokubambisa iityuwa ezinyibilikileyo kunye ne-microorganisms, okukhokelela kumanzi acocekileyo kakhulu. I-Bioreactors, kwelinye icala, ixhomekeke kuluntu lwe-microbial ukubola ungcoliseko lwendalo kwaye ifanelekile ukunyanga zombini amanzi amdaka asekhaya kunye namashishini. Uyilo lweyunithi kufuneka lulungelelanise ukusebenza kakuhle kokusabela kunye nokumelana nongcoliseko ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzileyo{4} kwexesha elide.
Iinkqubo ezincedisayo ziquka izixhobo zamandla, iinkqubo zokulawula, kunye neemodyuli zokubeka iliso. Iipompo kunye nabalandeli zibonelela ngamandla othutho lwamanzi, iinkqubo zokulawula ngokuzenzekelayo zilungelelanisa iiparitha (ezifana nezinga lokuhamba kunye ne-pH), kunye nezinzwa ze-intanethi zibeka esweni izikhombisi zomgangatho wamanzi ngexesha langempela ukuqinisekisa ulawulo oluchanekileyo kuyo yonke inkqubo. Ngaphaya koko, izixhobo zezindlu kunye nemathiriyeli yokubhobhoza kufuneka ikwazi ukudleka{2}}ikwazi ukumelana neemeko ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza.
Uyilo olulungelelanisiweyo lolwakhiwo aluphuculi nje ukucocwa kwamanzi ngendlela eyiyo kodwa lukwanciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye neendleko zokuwugcina, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe ngumkhombandlela ophambili wokuqhubela phambili uphuhliso lobuchwepheshe kushishino.
